Why does the water show up days after an ice storm?
Because the ice has to melt before the water can move. Meltwater runs slowly into the roof, the wall cavities and the soil, and each of those takes time to reach a ceiling or floor. A dry-looking house can be wet inside for a week.
Ice on a roof holds water against the shingles for hours and sometimes days. When the sun or the warm air breaks the ice, the water moves in a rush and finds the gaps. The water then runs along the sheathing and the rafters before it shows up as a stain on the ceiling below.
Pipes work the same way. A line can split during the freeze and hold for days until the thaw lets the water run. That is why the first warm afternoon after a storm is a good time to check the ceilings and walls, even if the house looked fine on the night of the storm.
What should I check in the attic after an ice storm?
Look for wet insulation, dark or stained roof boards, frost that has melted and stains on the rafters, and any sign of water dripping along the top plates of the walls. Do this from a safe position, with a light, and do not walk on the insulation.
The attic is where the roof's problems show first. Wet insulation looks flattened or darker than the dry material around it. Stains on the roof boards show the path of the water, and a stain on the top of a rafter tells you where the water started.
If you find water in the attic, do not stand under the wet area. Put a bucket where the water drips, and call the crew. The roofer may need to come out too, and the restoration crew will record what it sees so the two visits can work from the same plan.
Can I run the heat safely in a house that was without power?
Yes, when the heating system and the electrical supply have been checked. Restoring heat too fast can cause a split pipe to leak where it had frozen, and a generator run indoors can cause carbon monoxide poisoning. Use the equipment the way the maker intends and keep combustion sources ventilated.
Once the power is back, bring the house up to temperature gradually and check the lowest rooms and the crawl space for water. A heater that has been under water should not be switched on until it has been checked by a qualified person.
Generators should be run outside, well away from doors and windows, and a carbon monoxide alarm should be in place in any part of the house that the generator's exhaust could reach.
Who repairs the roof after the water gets in?
A roofing contractor repairs the roof, and the restoration crew dries and documents the water that got in. Keep those two jobs separate in your mind, because the drying can start before the roof is repaired, and the roof must be sound before the drying can last.
The roofer will look at the shingles, the flashing, the gutters and the ice damage along the eaves. The restoration crew will tell the roofer where the water entered, based on the readings, so the roofer does not have to guess which section to open first.
Ask both for their scope in writing. The repair trades and the drying trade each have their own part of the record, and an insurer will want both.